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One Year of Exenatide Treatment Improves Beta-Cell Function
AMSTERDAM, Netherlands, September 21 /PRNewswire/ -- - When compared to insulin glargine, exenatide offers added benefits of weight loss and improved beta-cell function when used with metformin Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMLN) and Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE: LLY) today announced study results comparing treatment of exenatide injection with insulin glargine on beta-cell function, glycaemic control and weight in people with type 2 diabetes. Study findings showed one year of exenatide therapy, as compared to insulin glargine, markedly improved several indices of beta-cell function, with similar glycaemic improvement and a lower risk of hypoglycaemia. In addition, patients treated with exenatide lost weight, whereas patients treated with glargine gained weight. These findings were presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.(1) In this randomized study, 69 people with type 2 diabetes who were treated with exenatide (5 mcg BID for 4 weeks and 10 mcg BID to 20 mcg TID for the remainder of the year) or insulin glargine (both with metformin) were compared on measures of beta-cell function, blood sugar control and weight change after one year (52-weeks) of treatment. In this study, people with type 2 diabetes who used exenatide for one year, compared to those treated with insulin glargine, showed significant improvements in beta-cell function as measured by arginine and glucose induced C-peptide (a peptide associated with insulin production) secretion during a glucose clamp procedure (a technique used to assess insulin secretion).(2,3) Specifically, C-peptide secretion in response to arginine administration (which produces maximal beta-cell stimulation) was 146 percent greater after one year of treatment with exenatide when compared to insulin glargine (mean ratio relative to baseline for exenatide and insulin glargine + or - SEM: 3.19 + or - 0.24 vs. 1.31 + or - 0.07, respectively, p<0.0001). First phase glucose induced C-peptide secretion was 52 percent greater after one year of exenatide compared to insulin glargine therapy (mean ratio relative to baseline + or - SEM: 1.75 + or - 0.10 vs. 1.16 + or - 0.06, respectively, p<0.0001). Second phase C-peptide secretion increased 185 percent more with exenatide (mean ratio relative to baseline + or - SEM: 3.05 + or - 0.22) versus insulin glargine (1.08 + or - 0.05, p<0.0001). The average HbA1c of randomised patients at the start of the trial was 7.5 + or - 0.1 percent. Treatment with exenatide resulted in blood sugar control (as measured by reductions in HbA1c) comparable to treatment with insulin glargine (-0.8 + or - 0.1 percent and -0.7 + or - 0.2 percent, respectively, a difference between groups that was not statistically significant). On average, exenatide treatment also resulted in a reduction in body weight. At the start of the study, randomised patients had a mean weight of 91.4 + or - 1.6 kg. Patients on exenatide lost an average of 3.6 + or - 0.6 kg, while those receiving insulin glargine gained an average of 1.0 + or - 0.8 kg. The total difference in weight between the exenatide and insulin glargine groups was 4.6 kg. "Previous exenatide studies have shown comparable glycaemic improvements when compared to insulin glargine, as well as improved beta-cell function that has only been associated with exenatide treatment," said Michaela Diamant, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and an author of the study. "This study lends further support to past findings and showed that adding exenatide significantly improved beta-cell function as measured by both glucose and arginine induced insulin secretion." The side effects associated with exenatide treatment were consistent with those seen in previous studies. In clinical trials, the most common side effect is nausea, most of which is mild to moderate, affecting approximately half of patients and usually decreases over time. Exenatide-treated patients had a lower incidence of hypoglycaemia compared to insulin glargine-treated patients (8.3 percent vs. 24.2 percent, respectively). About Exenatide Exenatide is the first incretin mimetic, a new class of class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Exenatide exhibits many of the same effects as the human incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1, secreted in response to food intake, has multiple effects on the intestine, liver, pancreas and brain that work in concert to regulate blood sugar.(4) About Incretin Mimetics Incretin mimetics are a distinct class of agents used to treat diabetes. An incretin mimetic works to mimic the anti-diabetic or glucose-lowering actions of the naturally occurring human incretin hormone GLP-1. These actions include stimulating the body's ability to produce insulin in response to elevated levels of blood sugar, inhibiting the release of a hormone called glucagon following meals, slowing the rate at which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and reducing food intake. About Diabetes Diabetes affects an estimated 246 million adults worldwide and more than 48 million in Europe.(5,6) Approximately 90 to 95 percent of those affected by type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by failure of the pancreatic beta-cell to adequately respond to the increased demands for insulin that occur as a result of obesity-related insulin resistance.(7) Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in adults over the age of 40, but is increasingly common in younger people.(6) In virtually every developed society, diabetes is ranked among the leading causes of blindness, renal failure and lower limb amputation, as well as death through its effects on cardiovascular disease (70-80 percent of people with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease).(8) The calculated estimates of the costs of diabetes care in Europe amount to 42.8 billion International Dollars per year.(9) About Amylin and Lilly Amylin Pharmaceuticals is a biopharmaceutical company committed to improving lives through the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative medicines. Amylin has developed and gained approval for two first-in-class medicines for diabetes. Amylin's research and development activities leverage the company's expertise in metabolism to develop potential therapies to treat diabetes and obesity. Amylin is located in San Diego, California with over 1,700 employees nationwide. Through a long-standing commitment to diabetes care, Lilly provides patients with breakthrough treatments that enable them to live longer, healthier and fuller lives. Since 1923, Lilly has been the industry leader in pioneering therapies to help health care professionals improve the lives of people with diabetes, and research continues on innovative medicines to address the unmet needs of patients. Lilly, a leading innovation-driven corporation, is developing a growing portfolio of first-in-class and best-in-class pharmaceutical products by applying the latest research from its own worldwide laboratories and from collaborations with eminent scientific organizations. Headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, Lilly provides answers - through medicines and information - for some of the world's most urgent medical needs. This press release contains forward-looking statements about Amylin and Lilly. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed or implied in this press release due to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the risk that exenatide and the revenues generated from exenatide may be affected by competition, unexpected new data, technical issues, clinical trials not confirming previous results or predicting future results, label expansion requests not being submitted in a timely manner or receiving regulatory approval, or manufacturing and supply issues. The potential for exenatide may also be affected by government and commercial reimbursement and pricing decisions, the pace of market acceptance, or scientific, regulatory and other issues and risks inherent in the commercialization of pharmaceutical products. These and additional risks and uncertainties are described more fully in Amylin and Lilly's most recently filed United States Securities Exchange Commission documents such as their Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Amylin and Lilly undertake no duty to update these forward-looking statements. AMSTERDAM, Netherlands, September 21 /PRNewswire/ -- REFERENCES (1) Bunck MC, Diamant MA, Corner EB, Malloy JL, Shaginian RM, Deng W, Kendall DM, Taskinen MR, Smith U, Yki-Jarvinen H, and Heine RJ. One year treatment with exenatide improves beta cell function and glycaemic control in metformin treated type 2 diabetes patients. Control/Tracking Number: A-07-175-EASD. (2) "Definition of C-peptide." MedicineNet.com. Available at http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12467. Accessed July 25, 2007. (3) Mitrakou A, Vuorinen-Markkola H, Raptis G, Toft I, Mokan M, Strumph P, Pimenta W, Veneman T, Jenssen T and Bolli G. "Simultaneous assessment of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using a hyperglycemia clamp. "Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1992 75:379-382. (4) Kolterman, O, Buse J, Fineman M, Gaines E, Heintz S, Bicsak T, Taylor K, Kim D, Aisporna M, Wang Y, Baron A. Synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) significantly reduces postprandial and fasting glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2003; 88(7):3082-3089. (5) The International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Available at: http://www.idf.org/home/index.cfm?unode=3B96906B-C026-2FD3-87B73F80BC22682A. Accessed June 14, 2007. (6) The International Diabetes Federation, Prevalence / All diabetes. Available at http://www.eatlas.idf.org/Prevalence/All_diabetes/. (7) Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). JAMA. 1999; 281 (21):2005-2012. (8) The International Diabetes Federation, Complications. Available at http://www.eatlas.idf.org/Complications/ (9) The International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas, Second edition. The Economic Impact of Diabetes. 2003: 186. (Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20031219/LLYLOGO ) (Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20060610/AMYLINLOGO )
