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Tuesday 9.2.2010 / 07:56 PM

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Glossary

AMR

(synonyms: AMR-NB)

AMR refers to Adaptive Multi-rate Compression, or AMR-NB for Adaptive Multi-rate Narrow Band. It is a codec that was adopted by 3GPP for use over mobile networks, carrying speech data. In use it uses one of 8 different bitrates based on link conditions to meet local channel and capacity requirements. AMR is also used by many mobile phones and some other portable gadgets to allow the user to record voice data.

The 8 different bit-rates supported by AMR from lowest to highest are 4.75, 5.15, 5.90, 6.70, 7.40, 7.95, 10.2 and 12.2kb/s. To reduce bandwidth usage, AMR adopts Voice Activity Detection and Comfort Noise Generation technology to detect when there is lower voice activity.

Since it is optimized for speech coding, AMR doesn't generally provide decent quality for audio recordings compared to low-bitrate MP3 and other forms of lossy compression that are commonly used with portable devices.

Software, both free and commercial, exists to convert AMR format recordings to MP3 or other common recording formats that enjoy a wider range of support by software and hardware alike. The commonly used file extension for an AMR recording is .amr.

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Lossless AR ARccOS ARIA ARIB Artifact ASF Asian Silvers Aspect ratio ASPI ASV ASVOBS ASX ATA ATAPI ATI CrossFire ATIS ATRAC ATRAC Advanced Lossless ATRAC1 ATRAC3 ATRAC3plus ATSC Audio Frequency Modulation AUDIO_TS Authoring Automatic Fine Tuning Automatic Frequency Control Automatic Gain Control Automatic Iris Autoplay AVC AVCHD AVI AVS B B Frames B-CAS Back Surround Back Surround Channel BAE-VX1000 Bandwidth BayTSP BCA BD BD+ BD-25 BD-50 BD-J BD-Live BD-R BD-RE BD-ROM BDA BDAV BDMV BDRip Bescherming Rechten Entertainment Industrie Nederland Betacam BetaCrypt 1 BetaCrypt 2 BetaMax Betamax Case BFF Bidirectional Prediction Big Champagne BIN/CUE Images Bink Birefringence BISS Bitrate bitsetting Bitstream BitTorrent Blindread BlindWrite Bloatware Block Blocking Blu-Code Blu-ray Blu-ray Disc Blu-ray Disc Association Bluetooth 3.0 Bonus View Book A Book B Book C Book D Book E BookType Bootlegs Bots Bottom Field First BPI bps BREIN British Phonographic Industry British Phonographic Industry Broadcast Flag BRrip BSA BT5 BT6 BUP Burst Cutting Area BWA BWS BWT bz2 bzip2 C C2D CA CABAC Cable Television CableCARD CableLabs Cam Camcorder Canadian Motion Picture Distributors Association Caption Capture CAS CATV CAV CAV/CLV CAVLC CBHD CBR CCD CCE CCI CCIR 601 CD CD+G CD-DA CD-i CD-MRW CD-Plus CD-R CD-ROM CD-ROM XA CD-RW CDA CDI cdma CDMA2000 CDR CDV cDVD CE-ATA CeBIT CEC CECB CEDIA Expo Cell Center Center Channel CES CGA CGMS CH-DVD Channel Chanserv Chaoji VCD Chapters CHDA China Blue High-Definition Disc China High Definition DVD China High Definition DVD Industry Association China Video Disc ChinaCrypt Chipset Chroma Chroma Subsampling Chromaticity Chrominance CIF CISO CLI CloneCD Control File Closed Captions Closed GOP CLV CMF CMI CMPDA Coaster Codec CodecSys Codicrypt Color Graphics Adapter Color Space Colorimetry Colorspace Combo Drive Command Line Interface Common Interface CompactFlash Component Video Composite Video Compression Conax CAS 5 Conax CAS 7 Conditional Access Conditional Access Module Conditional Access System Constant Bitrate Constant Quality Container Content Protection Technical Working Group Control Area Copy Guard Management System CoreAVC CoreAVC Video Codec CoreCrypt CorePNG CPPM CPRM CPSA CPTWG CRB CRIA Cropping CrossFire CrossFireX CRT Crypton Cryptoworks CSO CSS CTI-CAS Cue cue file Cue Sheet CVD D D-VHS D1 DAA DAE Daemon DAO DAR Darknet Dashboard DAT DAX DCC DCC Get DCC Send DCF DCT DCT Block DDC DDoS Decode Deep Color Deinterlace Delta Frame Demultiplexing Demux Descriptive Video Service DigiCipher 2 Digital Artifacts Digital Rights Management Digital Video Recorder Digital8 DiMA DIMM DIRAC Direct Access Archive Direct Stream Digital direct-to-video Direct2D Direct3D DirectDraw DirectInput DirectMusic DirectPlay DirectPlay Voice DirectSetup DirectShow DirectSound DirectSound3D DirectX DirectX Audio DirectX Graphics Infrastructure DirectX Media DirectX Media Object DiscJuggler Discrete Cosine Transform Discrete Surround Disk Copy 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e-MMC E3 Expo eAAC+ EAC EasyCas ed2k	EDGE EDID EDTV EFF EGA EIA Electronic Frontier Foundation Electronic Industries Alliance Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool Electronic Programming Guide Elementary Streams Encode Enhanced CD Enhanced Graphics Adapter Entertainment Software Association EPEAT EPG ESA eSATA ETSI EuroCrypt EuroDec EVD EVGA Evolution-X eXtended Detail Enhancement eXtended Graphics Array Plus Extended Video Graphics Array External SATA Extreme Definition Video extreme Digital ExtremeFSS Extro Eye-Fi EZ-D F F-Stop FAAC FACT FairPlay FastTrack Federation Against Copyright Theft FF Video Codec 1 FFV1 Field Field Dominance Field Order Fieldrate Filter Final Standard Profile FireCrypt FireWire Firmware Firstplay Fixed Pixel Display FLAC Flipper FLV FourCC fps Frame Framerate frames per second Frameserve Free Lossless Audio Codec Freeware Advanced Audio Coder Frequency Fserves FTP Full Frame Full HD Fullscreen FVD G G.722.2 Gamma Correction GB Gbyte General Hardware-Oriented System Transfer GHO Ghost GHS Gigabyte gigibyte Global Motion Compensation GMC GOP GPRS Grace Period Profile Griffin Group Of Pictures Gruvi GSM GSM 800 gsm 850 GSM 900 GUI H H.264 Half D1 Half-QVGA Half-size VGA Hardcoded Subtitles HCC HD HD DVD HD DVD Promotion Group HD DVD-R HD DVD-RAM HD Ready HD VMD HDCD HDCP HDi HDMI HDTV HDV HE-AAC HE-AAC v2 Hercules Color Card Hercules Graphics Card Hertz Hexadecatuple Extended Graphics Array Hexadecatuple Super Extended Graphics Array Hexadecatuple Ultra Extended Graphics Array HGC Hi-MD Hi8 High Definition High Resolution Audio High-Definition Multimedia Interface High-Speed Downlink Packet Access Home Theater Personal Computer Homebrew HQ-VCD HQVGA HSDPA HSXGA HTPC Huffyuv HUXGA HVGA HXGA Hz I I Frame I-MPEG IBC IBM 8514 IBM CGA IBM MDA IBP IBQ ID3 IDCGISwapChain IDCT IDE IDR Frame IDTV IDXGIAdapter IDXGIDevice IDXGIFactory IDXGIOutput IDXGIResource IEEE IEEE 802.11i-2004 IEEE.1394 IFA IFO IFPI iHD ILVU IMA IMG file IMZ In-Loop Deblocking Indeo Initial Standard Profile Instant CD/DVD Disc Image Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Interlace Interleaved Video Units Interleaving INTERNAL International Federation of the Phonographic Industry International Telecommunication Union Interpolation Inverse Telecine ipsw IRC Irdeto Irdeto 1 Irdeto 2 IRMA ISO ISO 13818 ISO 21000 ISO 9660 ISO Zipped IsoBuster ISZ ITU ITU-R BT.601 IVTC J JEDEC Jitter Joint Video Team Joliet JSO JVT K Kad Kademlia Kell Factor Key Frame KeyFly KVCD Kxploit L LabelFlash Lagarith LAME LaserDisc Layer Break LCD TVs Lead-in Lead-out Leech Leecher Left Left Channel Left Surround Left Surround Channel Legos Letterbox LFE libavcodec Lightscribe Limited Line Pair Linear PCM Linear pulse code modulation Lines of Horizontal Resolution Lines of Resolution Lines per Picture Height Linux Liquid-crystal display televisions LiquidHD Logistep Lossless Compression Lossy Compression Low Frequency Effects Channel LPCM Lucky and Flo Luma Luminance Luminosity M M-JPEG M1V M2V M3U M4A M4IF M4V Macrium Reflect Macroblock Macroblock-Adaptive Frame/Field Coding Macrovision made-for-video MainProfile@H-14 MainProfile@HighLevel MainProfile@MainLevel Mandatory audio Mandatory Managed Copy manufacturer ID Manufacturing On Demand Matrix Surround Matroska MBAFF MCGA MD Data MD5 MDA MDA Card MDF file MDLP MDPA MDS file MediaGuard 1 Mediaguard 2 Mediaguard 3 MediaMax Megapixel Memory Controller Gate Array MFTP miCard MicroSD microSDHC MID MIDI MIDI Committee of the Association of Musical Electronic Industry MIDI Manufacturers Association MiniDisc miniDV miniDVD miniSD miniSDHC MIPI MKV MMA MMC MMCA MMCmicro MMCmobile MMCplus Modchip Monkey's Audio Monochrome Display Adapter Mosquitoes Motion Estimation Motion JPEG Motion Picture Association Motion Picture Association of America Mount Rainier MOV Moving Picture Experts Group Moving Pictures Expert Group MP MP+ MP2 MP3 MP3 plus Graphics MP3+G MP4 MP@H-14 MP@HL MP@ML MPA MPAA MPEG MPEG Advanced Audio Coding MPEG-1 MPEG-1 Audio Layer III MPEG-1 Layer II MPEG-2 MPEG-2 AAC MPEG-2 Layer II MPEG-2 NBC MPEG-2 Packetized Elementary Stream MPEG-2 Program Stream MPEG-2 PS MPEG-2 Transport Stream MPEG-2 TS MPEG-21 MPEG-4 MPEG-4 ASP MPEG-4 Industry Forum MPEG-4 Part 10 MPEG-4 Part 2 MPEG-4 SP MPEG-7 MPV MRIMG MRW MSU Lossless Video Codec Multi-Angle Multi-Color Graphics Array Multi-pass encoding MultiMediaCard MultiMediaCard Association Multiple Program Transport Stream Multiplexing Multisession Musepack (MP+) Musical Instrument Digital Interface Muxing mux_rate N NAB Nagravision Nagravision 3 Nagravision Aladin Nagravision Cardmagedon National Association of Broadcasters Native Resolution Navigation Stream NDS NDS VideoGuard NDSL Neotion SHL Neotioncrypt Nero Digital Nero Digital AVC New Technology File System NFO Nickserv Nintendo DS Nintendo DS Lite Nintendo DSi Nintendo DSi LL Noise NRG NTFS NTSC NUKED Nyquist Frequency Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem NZB O O&O DiskImage OEM Ogg Ogg Media Ogg Tarkin Ogg Theora Ogg Vorbis OGM OMA OMG OmniCrypt On The Fly on the fly encryption Open Captions OpenFT OpenGL OpenMG Opposite Track Path OptimFROG OptimFROG DualStream Original Equipment Manufacturer OTA OTFE OTP Over The Air Overburn Overlay Oversampling oversizing Ovi P P-CAV P-frame P2P Pack Packed Format Packet PAL Pan & Scan PAR Parallel ATA Parallel Track Path Partial CAV Partial-Constant Angular Velocity Partimage PARTIMG PARTIMG.BZ2 PARTIMG.GZ Partition PATA PDI PDMI PDP PDVD Peer-to-peer Period Personal Video Recorder PGC Phase PicAFF Picture Element	Picture In Picture Picture Outside Picture Picture-Level Frame/Field Coding Pillarbox PIP Pit Pixel Pixel Aspect Ratio Place Shifting Planar Format Plasma display Playstation Portable Playstation Portable Slim and Lite POP Portable Device Media Interface PowerPoint Slideshow PowerVu PowerVu+ PPS PPT PQDI PQI Pre-shared Key Presentation Stream Profile Profile 1.0 Profile 1.1 Profile 2.0 Program 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PSPgo PTP Pulldown PUO PVR PX Q Q-Pel QAM QCIF Qflix Qpel QQVGA QSXGA Quad eXtended Graphics Array Quad HDTV Quad Super Extended Graphics Array Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array QuadHD Quarter D1 Quarter Pixel Motion Estimation Quarter VGA Quarter-QVGA QuickTime QUXGA QVGA QXGA R R'G'B' R5 RA ram RAMbo Drive RAMDAC RAMPRG Random access Random access memory RAR RAS RAW Raw DV RAW Video RCE RealAudio RealDVD RealMedia RealVideo Rear Channel Rec.601 Recording Industry Association of America Red Green Blue Reduced-Size MultiMediaCard Region code REPACK Resolution Reverse Telecine RGB RIAA RIFF-WAV Right Right Channel Right Surround Right Surround Channel Rijndael Rip RipGuard Riplock RM rmvb ROM Mark Roms RossCrypt RPC-1 RPC-2 RROD RS-MMC RSDL rtm RusCrypto S S-VHS S-VHS-C S-Video S/N S/PDIF SACD Sample Samplerate Sampling Frequency Sampling Theorem SAR SATA SATA 1 SATA II SATA2 SBR Scanline SCMS Screener SD SD Card Association SD Plus SDA SDDS SDHC SDIO SDRAM SDTV SDXC SECAM SecurDisc Secure Digital (SD) Memory Cards Secure Digital eXtended Capacity SecureMMC Seedbox Seeding Selectable Output Control Self Mounting Image Serial ATA Service Set Identifier Session Set-Top Box Set-Top Unit SFV Shareware SheerVideo SHN Shockwave Flash Shorten SHV SIF Signal Aspect Ratio Signal-to-Noise ratio SIMM Simple Profile Single Program Transport Stream SkyCrypt Smacker SMF SMI SMPTE snow SNR SOC Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SODIMM SOUNDabout Lossless SoundExchange SoundVQ SP SPDIF SPTS SRT SSA SSDL SSID SSL SSSL Standard Definition Standard MIDI File STB Storage Aspect Ratio straight-to-DVD straight-to-video Stream Capture Streaming STU STV SubStation Alpha Super eXtended Graphics Array Super eXtended Graphics Array Plus Super Hi-Vision Super Multi Super VGA Super Video Graphics Array Super-Resolution SuperAudioCD SuperVCD SuperVHS SuperVideoCD Surround Surround Channel Surround Sound SVCD SVGA SVHS Swap Magic Swaploit swf SWM SXGA SXGA+ SXGA- T T-Crypt Taiyo Yuden TAO Telecide Telecine Telesync Temporal Key Integrity Protocol Tethering TFF ThalesCrypt THD The Onion Router Theora THX TIB Time Shifting Title TiVo TKIP TMDS TOC Top Field First TOR Torrent Total HD Total Hi Defintion Disc TPS-Crypt Track Tracker Track_At_Once Transcoding TransFlash True Audio True Cinema TrueImage TrustedFlash TV Line TV Lines per Picture Height TV-RIP TwinVQ TY Type 1 DV Type 2 DV U UAA UDF UDF 1.02 UDF 1.50 UDF 2.00 UDF 2.50 UDF 2.60 UDF Bridge UDF/ISO UDIF UHDTV UHDV UIF Ultra Definition Ultra eXtended Graphics Array Ultra High Definition Television Ultra High Definition Video Ultra VGA Ultra Video Graphics Array UltraISO UMD Universal Audio Architecture Universal Disk Format Universal Disk Image Format Universal Image Format Universal Media Disc Universal Serial Bus UOP upnp Upscaling url usb USB 1.1 USB 2.0 Usenet UVGA UXGA V V2000 V2I V422 Variable Bitrate Variable Block-Size Motion Compensation Variable Framerate VBR VBSMC VC-1 VC4 VCC VCD VCPS VDI Vector Quantization Format Versatile Multilayer Disc Vertical Helix Scan VESA VFD VFR VfW VGA VGA2EGA VHD VHS VHS-C VHSRip Viaccess Viaccess 1 Viaccess 2 Viaccess 3 Viaccess PC2.3 Viaccess PC2.4 Viaccess PC2.5 Viaccess PC2.6 Viaccess PC3.0 Video 2000 Video Capture Video Compact Cassette Video Content Protection System Video for Windows Video Graphics Array Video Home System Video Manager Group Video Title Set Video8 VideoCD Videotape VIDEO_RM VIDEO_TS Virtual CD Virtual Disk Image Virtual drive Virtual Hard Disk Virtual Machine Disk Format VirtualBox VirtualPC Visual Resolution VMD VMDK VMG VNC VOB VOBU Vorbis VP3 VQF VTS W Walkman Warez Watermarks WAV WEP WEP2 WEPplus WGA white noise White Spaces Coalition WHSXGA WHUXGA WHXGA Wi-Fi Protected Access Wide Hexadecatuple Extended Graphics Array Wide Hexadecatuple Super Extended Graphics Array Wide Hexadecatuple Ultra Extended Graphics Array Wide Quad eXtended Graphics Array Wide Quad Super Extended Graphics Array Wide Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array Wide QVGA Wide VGA Wide XGA Widescreen Widescreen Ultra eXtended Graphics Array WiHD WIM Windows Imaging Format Windows Media Windows Media Audio Windows Media Format Windows Media Lossless Windows Media Video WIPO Wired Equivalent Privacy WirelessHD WMA WMA plus Graphics WMA+G WMF WMP WMV WMV HD Workprint World Intellectual Property Organization WPA WPA2 WQSXGA WQUXGA WQVGA WQXGA Wrapper WSXGA WUXGA WVGA WXGA WXGA+ X x.v.Color x264 XAudio 2 XCD XCP xD xD-Picture Card XDCC Bots XDE XGA XGA+ XGA-2 Xinput XPM XSUB XSVCD XVCD XviD xvYCC Y Y'U'V' YUNV YUV YUY2 YUYV YV12 Z Z-CAV Z-CLV ZBR ZIP zisofs ZLIB zone bit recording zone CAV zzzx
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